Dunedin North (known as North Dunedin between 1946 and 1963) is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament (MP) to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was established for the 1905 election and has existed since.
It is currently held by David Clark of the New Zealand Labour Party, who replaced the long-standing representative Pete Hodgson.[1] It is considered a safe Labour seat, with Labour holding the seat for all but one term (1975–1978) since 1928.
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As the name suggests, the Dunedin North electorate covers the northern half of the city of Dunedin. It is bordered by Waitaki in the north, Dunedin South in west, south, and south-east, and the Pacific Ocean in the north-east.
The electorate covers what is the equivalent of the Waikouaiti Coast-Chalmers ward of the Dunedin City Council outside the actual urban area of Dunedin. This includes the population centre of Waikouaiti, Karitane, Waitati, Seacliff, Warrington, Port Chalmers, Sawyers Bay, Roseneath, and Aramoana.
In urban Dunedin it covers most of northern, central and western Dunedin. This includes the city centre and the suburbs of City Rise, Pine Hill, Dunedin North, North East Valley, Opoho, Ravensbourne, Mornington, Roslyn, Maori Hill, Leith Valley, Kaikorai Valley, Brockville, Halfway Bush, and Wakari.
A notable influence on voting patterns in the electorate is the location of the University of Otago and Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin North. The electorate has the highest proportion of persons aged 15 to 19 in the country, with 14.1%. It also has the highest proportion of people on a student allowance (8.8%), employed in the education and training industry (11.7%), and employed in the health care and social assistance industry (12.3%).[2]
Dunedin North has a low rate of enrolment compared to New Zealand as a whole. As of 28 February 2011, 79.3% of the estimate eligible population is enrolled to vote, compared to 91.4% nationally. The figure is brought down by the low number of people aged 18 to 24 enrolled - less than half (48.5%) of the estimated eligible population is enrolled, compared to 71.3% nationally. Enrolments of those aged 25 and over are comparable to the national averages.[3]
The electorate was created in 1905, when the City of Dunedin electorate with three members of parliament (and other main centre multi-member electorates) were broken up. From 1946 to 1963 it was called North Dunedin.[4]
The first representative was Alfred Richard Barclay, who had previously represented the City of Dunedin electorate.[5] In the 1908 election, he was defeated by George M. Thomson, who served for two parliamentary terms before being defeated.[6]
Barclay was succeeded by Andrew Walker representing the United Labour Party in the 1914 election. The remnants of United Labour formed the New Zealand Labour Party in 1916 and Walker became the new party's first President. He served for one parliamentary term until the 1919 election, when he was defeated by the Independent Edward Kellett. Kellett died during the parliamentary term on 15 May 1922,[7] and this caused the 1922 by-election, which was won by James Wright Munro.[8]
Munro was confirmed at the 1922 general election,[8] but was defeated by Harold Livingstone Tapley in the 1925 election.[9] Munro in turn defeated Tapley at the 1928 election and then served the electorate until his death on 27 May 1945.[8]
Munro's death caused the 1945 by-election, which was won by Robert Walls.[8] Walls served the electorate until his death on 6 November 1953. This caused the 1953 by-election, which was won by Ethel McMillan, who served the electorate until her retirement in 1975.
McMillan was succeeded by Richard Walls of the National Party in the 1975 election, who held the electorate for one parliamentary term before being defeated by Labour's Stan Rodger in the 1978 election. Rodger retired in 1990 and was succeeded by Pete Hodgson. Hodgson served the electorate until his retirement in 2011.
Key Liberal Independent Reform United Labour Labour National Green ACT
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Dunedin North electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
| Election | Winner | |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 election | Katherine Rich | |
| 2002 election | ||
| 2005 election | ||
| 2008 election | Metiria Turei | |
| Michael Woodhouse | ||
| 2010 | Hilary Calvert1 | |
| 2011 election | Metiria Turei | |
| Michael Woodhouse | ||
1 Hilary Calvert entered parliament as a list MP on 24 September 2010 after David Garrett resigned.
| General Election 2011: Dunedin North | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Green background denotes an incumbent. |
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| Party | Candidate | Notes | List # | Source | |
| Alliance | Victor Billot | 6 | [10][11] | ||
| Labour | David Clark | 49 | [10][12] | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Julian Crawford | 4 | [10][13] | ||
| United Future | Pete George | Initially announced as standing for his own "Your NZ" party.[14] | 8 | [10][15] | |
| ACT | Guy McCallum | 46 | [10][16] | ||
| Democrats | Jeremy Noble | 8 | [10][17] | ||
| Green | Metiria Turei | Party co-leader, List MP since 2002 | 1 | [10][18] | |
| National | Michael Woodhouse | List MP since 2008 | 31 | [10][19] | |
| Labour | Pete Hodgson | Retired; MP since 1990 | [20] | ||
Electorate (as at 21 October 2011): 39,926[21]
| General Election, 26 November 2011: Dunedin North[22] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. |
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| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party Votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | David Clark | 12,976 | 44.25 | -8.37 | 10,127 | 33.80 | -10.44 | ||
| National | Michael Woodhouse | 9,487 | 32.35 | +1.71 | 9,707 | 32.39 | +3.04 | ||
| Green | Metiria Turei | 5,721 | 19.51 | +8.42 | 7,010 | 23.39 | +7.58 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Julian Crawford | 398 | 1.36 | -0.13 | 172 | 0.57 | +0.14 | ||
| Alliance | Victor Billot | 210 | 0.72 | -0.66 | 50 | 0.17 | -0.15 | ||
| Democrats | Jeremy Noble | 196 | 0.67 | +0.35 | 62 | 0.21 | +0.10 | ||
| United Future | Peter George | 176 | 0.60 | -0.10 | 183 | 0.61 | -0.33 | ||
| ACT | Guy McCallum | 159 | 0.54 | -1.22 | 218 | 0.73 | -1.54 | ||
| NZ First | 1,706 | 5.69 | +2.27 | ||||||
| Conservative | 405 | 1.35 | +1.35 | ||||||
| Mana | 181 | 0.60 | +0.60 | ||||||
| Māori | 126 | 0.42 | -0.28 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 18 | 0.06 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 448 | 190 | |||||||
| Total Valid votes | 29,323 | 29,965 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 3,489 | 11.90 | -10.09 | |||||
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 40,356 [21]
| General Election 2008: Dunedin North[23] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. |
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| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party Votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Pete Hodgson | 17,127 | 52.62 | -2.46 | 14,608 | 44.24 | -10.58 | ||
| National | Michael Woodhouse | 9,972 | 30.64 | -0.79 | 9,692 | 29.35 | +4.21 | ||
| Green | Metiria Turei | 3,611 | 11.09 | +3.64 | 5,221 | 15.81 | +4.99 | ||
| ACT | Hilary Calvert | 573 | 1.76 | +1.15 | 749 | 2.27 | +1.28 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Julian Crawford | 483 | 1.48 | -0.06 | 143 | 0.43 | +0.14 | ||
| Alliance | Victor Billot | 448 | 1.38 | +0.54 | 106 | 0.32 | +0.12 | ||
| United Future | Mary Edwards | 228 | 0.70 | -1.32 | 312 | 0.94 | -1.82 | ||
| Democrats | Olive McRae | 105 | 0.32 | - | 36 | 0.11 | - | ||
| NZ First | 1,132 | 3.43 | +0.58 | ||||||
| Progressive | 310 | 0.94 | -1.38 | ||||||
| Bill and Ben | 252 | 0.76 | - | ||||||
| Māori | 230 | 0.70 | - | ||||||
| Kiwi | 125 | 0.38 | - | ||||||
| Family Party | 57 | 0.17 | - | ||||||
| Workers Party | 18 | 0.05 | - | ||||||
| Pacific | 14 | 0.04 | - | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 9 | 0.03 | -0.01 | ||||||
| RAM | 4 | 0.01 | - | ||||||
| RONZ | 2 | 0.01 | -0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 234 | 89 | |||||||
| Total Valid votes | 32,547 | 33,020 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 7155 | 21.98 | -1.67 | |||||
| General Election 2005: Dunedin North | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. |
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| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party Votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Pete Hodgson | 17,769 | 55.08 | -4.42 | 17,915 | 54.82 | +5.11 | ||
| National | Katherine Rich | 10,139 | 31.02 | +7.94 | 8,217 | 25.14 | +8.95 | ||
| Green | Philippa Jamieson | 2,405 | 7.46 | +0.59 | 3,536 | 10.82 | -1.54 | ||
| United Future | Mark Peters | 652 | 2.02 | -0.34 | 901 | 2.76 | -2.78 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Jason Baker-Sherman | 498 | 1.54 | -0.51 | 95 | 0.29 | -0.42 | ||
| Progressive | James Boyack | 330 | 1.02 | -0.02 | 431 | 1.32 | -0.65 | ||
| Alliance | Victor Billot | 270 | 0.84 | -1.14 | 65 | 0.20 | -2.89 | ||
| ACT | Willie Martin | 196 | 0.61 | -1.15 | 322 | 0.99 | -3.20 | ||
| NZ First | 931 | 2.85 | -1.61 | ||||||
| Māori | 96 | 0.29 | - | ||||||
| Destiny | 78 | 0.24 | - | ||||||
| Christian Heritage | 35 | 0.11 | -0.72 | ||||||
| Democrats | 21 | 0.06 | - | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 14 | 0.04 | - | ||||||
| 99 MP | 10 | 0.03 | - | ||||||
| Direct Democracy | 4 | 0.01 | - | ||||||
| One NZ | 4 | 0.01 | - | ||||||
| RONZ | 4 | 0.01 | - | ||||||
| Family Rights | 3 | 0.01 | - | ||||||
| Informal votes | 241 | 71 | |||||||
| Total Valid votes | 32,259 | 32,682 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 7,630 | 23.65 | -12.36 | |||||
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